Breast Self-Examination Awareness, Knowledge, Practice and Attitudes among Women: A Regional Study

Abstract

Introduction:

Breast cancer incidence, morbidity, and mortality are increasing globally. Early detection of breast cancer is crucial in assuring better outcomes as it makes for a better prognosis. However, breast self-examination (BSE) is not commonly practised. We aimed to investigate the awareness, knowledge, practice, and attitudes towards BSE among women in Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia.

Methods:

We conducted this cross-sectional study between January and March 2022 among female patients, caregivers, and visitors present at Miri Hospital. Eligible family members and friends of the hospital staff were also invited to participate in this study. The self-administered questionnaire consisted of four sections, which gathered information on the respondents’ demographics, awareness, practice, knowledge, and attitudes towards BSE. Descriptive statistics summarised the results. A score of ≥9 implied good knowledge, and good BSE practice was defined as when they (i) practised BSE monthly, (ii) practised BSE at the right timing, i.e., after menstruation, and (iii) performed BSE in the past month.

Result:

Among 179 respondents with a median age of 35 (IQR=20 years old), most women (69.3%) were aware of BSE; however, they had poor knowledge of BSE (81.6%) and were unable to recognise other non-lump signs such as skin dimpling (82.1%). About 38.5% had experience practising BSE, but only 3.9% had good BSE practice. The majority were positive about the benefit of BSE and reported that performing BSE was not difficult and not time-wasting. Nevertheless, they were afraid of finding signs of breast cancer.

Conclusion:

Our study showed that many women were aware of BSE and have positive attitudes towards practising it. However, only a minority had good BSE knowledge and experience in practice. Hence, conducting breast cancer awareness campaigns is necessary to empower more women in breast cancer management, especially in promoting the benefits and importance of early detection.